U.S. Mortgage Crisis Rivals Savings and Loan Meltdown

To ease the pain, the Federal Reserve has cut short-term interest rates twice and is expected to cut them further tomorrow. The Bush administration has also pressed for private-sector curative measures. First, it urged big banks to create a new entity to buy some mortgage-linked securities that don't have a ready market now. And a plan finalized last week calls for freezing interest payments on perhaps hundreds of thousands of qualifying homeowners whose mortgage notes are set to rise. (See a primer: Will the Rate Freeze Help You?) Both ideas are controversial. They are hailed by some as well-conceived financial first aid and criticized by others as inadequate -- or an impediment to crisis resolution.

Buying Time
When the Fed began to raise interest rates in 2004, mortgage rates also began to climb. Initially, home prices kept rising as home buyers turned to mortgages with low initial payments, assuming they could sell or refinance before the mortgage rate adjusted higher. Borrowers who had trouble making payments could easily buy more time by refinancing into bigger loans, thanks to higher prices. That kept defaults low and encouraged rating agencies to continue blessing securities backed by such mortgages with high ratings.
Then, in places like Florida, buyers stopped coming. Mr. Delzio listed one home, on which he spent $203,000, at $210,000. He then cut the price repeatedly, finally to $175,000, barely more than the mortgage. He now rents it for $800 month, well short of the $1,400 monthly carrying cost.
Selling is made all the more difficult by the ample supply of homes and vacant land for sale in the area. Nationally, there were 2.1 million vacant homes for sale in the third quarter, equal to 1.6% of all the homes in the country -- a record.
At the end of 2006, the value of all homes in the U.S., excluding rentals, peaked at 153% of gross domestic product (or about $21 trillion) -- the highest level in at least six decades. By Sept. 30, that had edged down to 150% of GDP as home prices began to drop. With huge inventories of unsold homes soon to swell with foreclosed properties, that is likely to continue.
Falling home prices make consumers poorer and less ready to spend, and they make it harder to borrow against home values -- even if consumers are current on their payments....more